A type that provides access to an object of a given type. Access to such an object is achieved by an access value returned by an allocator; the access value is said to designate the object.

Simplified Syntax

access subtype_indication

type identifier;

Description

Access type allows to manipulate data, which are created dynamically during simulation and which exact size is not known in advance. Any reference to them is performed via allocators, which work in a similar way as pointers in programming languages.

The subtype_indication in the access type declaration denotes the type of an object designated by a value of an access type. It can be any scalar, composite or other access type (example 1). File type is not allowed here.

The only objects allowed to be of the access type are variables.

The default value of an access type is null which designates no object at all. To assign any other value to an object of an access type an allocator has to be used (see allocator for details).

The access type allows to create recursive data structures (dynamic lists of objects created during simulation) which consist of the records that contain elements of access types - either the same or different than the actually declared. In order to handle declarations of such recursive data structures so called incomplete type declaration is needed which plays a role of an "announcement" of a type which will be declared later on.

For each incomplete type declaration there must be a corresponding full type declaration with the same name. The complete declaration must appear in the same declarative part. A type declared as incomplete may not be used for any other purposes than to define an access type before the complete type definition is accomplished. Such an incomplete type declaration is presented in example 2 below.

Examples

Example 1

-- declaration of record type Person:
type Person is record
address:ADRESS_TYPE;
age:DATE;
end record Person;
-- declaration of access type Person_Access:
type Person_Access is access Person;

The Person_Access type defines a pointer (dynamic link) to a record declared earlier and called Person.

Example 2

-- declaration of an incomplete type Queue_Element:
type Queue_Element;
-- declaration of an access type Queue_Element_Ptr:
type Queue_Element_Ptr is access Queue_Element;
-- declaration of an full record type Queue_Element:
type Queue_Element is record
                  name:STRING(1 to 20);
                  address:ADRESS_TYPE;
                  age:DATE;
                  succ:Queue_Element_Ptr;
end record Queue_Element;

The type Queue_Element contains the Queue_Element_Ptr field, which in turns points to Queue_Element. In order to declare both types sequentially, first the Queue_Element is declared in an incomplete way, which allows declaring the access type Queue_Element_Ptr. Finally, complete declaration of Queue_Element must be provided.

Important Notes

Application of access types is restricted to variables: only variables can be of an access value. Also, only variables can be designated by an access value.
Although access types are very useful for modeling potentially large structures, like memories or FIFOs, they are not supported by synthesis tools.